Suppose that a disease is transmitted via a dominant mode of inheritance and that one parent is affected and the other is not. The probability then that any particular offspring will get the disease is ½.
a) What is the probability that in a family with 2 children, both are affected?
b) What is the probability that exactly 1 is affected?
c) What is the probability that neither child is affected?
Advanced statistics question..?
every child is independent of the other with respect to getting the disease.
1/2 prob the first child has the disease, 1/2 prob the second does, the prob both have the disease is thus:
1/2 * 1/2 = 1/4
to have exactly one effect you have 1/2 * 1/2 that this first is affected and the second is not plus the 1/2 * 1/2 prob that the first is not but the second child is: 1/2 * 1/2 + 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/2
there is a 1/4 prob that neither child has the disease. this is the same logic as part 1.
Reply:a. (1/2)(1/2) = 1/4
b. (1/2)(1-1/2) + (1-1/2)(1/2) = (1/4) + (1/4) = 1/2
c (1-1/2)(1-1/2) = (1/2)(1/2) = 1/4
survey for money
Sunday, August 2, 2009
Ok , as I said, why the pensions "scam"?
I would like to answer Colin S. 1st, you get full tax relief on interest-only buy-to-let mortgages, so reducing your tax liability. your 2nd point, you said, "A lump sum is possible if you die before retirement". What happens if I die 1 or 2 days or weeks after I have retired?, you've guessed it, it's ALL gone, not 1p left, as an inheritance. And now I will use your very annoying no-it-all sayings.
Oh,and owning a buy-to-let interest-only mortgaged property, 1 example, Interest only mortgage of £38,3k costs £184 per month tax deductable,+ £14.86 per month Buildings Ins. Costs are then £200 per month. The property is currently rented at £375 per month. An income of £175 p.c.m -tax, still an income. The current High Street valuation is around £95k In 15 years time still owing will be £38,3k. Can you find me a pension plan that pays me an income now (I am 50) then when I die, my son will still own properties if he wants to? Please get in touch I would love to know!!
Ok , as I said, why the pensions "scam"?
Hi
Thanks for your reply - to be clear on point 1 you don't get full tax relief - only on that rental income which is not offset against mortgage interest and other expenditure (but I do take your point completely).
Point 2 - if you draw an income form your pension fund (not an annuity) the fund is available to your heirs less 35% tax charge - but you are right, if you do not select a spousal reversionary income from your annuity, then the fund is lost - unless you choose a capital guaranteed annuity (costly though). After age 75 you can still draw an income via 'alternatively secured pension' but the tax charge on death jumps to 70% if there is no surviving spouse.
Sorry if I offended you, but I believe pensions should form the basis of any retirement planning (afterall many of us want the surity of income in retirement). No investment comes without risks, and indeed buy-to-lets are risky too.
Anyway each to their own.
Oh,and owning a buy-to-let interest-only mortgaged property, 1 example, Interest only mortgage of £38,3k costs £184 per month tax deductable,+ £14.86 per month Buildings Ins. Costs are then £200 per month. The property is currently rented at £375 per month. An income of £175 p.c.m -tax, still an income. The current High Street valuation is around £95k In 15 years time still owing will be £38,3k. Can you find me a pension plan that pays me an income now (I am 50) then when I die, my son will still own properties if he wants to? Please get in touch I would love to know!!
Ok , as I said, why the pensions "scam"?
Hi
Thanks for your reply - to be clear on point 1 you don't get full tax relief - only on that rental income which is not offset against mortgage interest and other expenditure (but I do take your point completely).
Point 2 - if you draw an income form your pension fund (not an annuity) the fund is available to your heirs less 35% tax charge - but you are right, if you do not select a spousal reversionary income from your annuity, then the fund is lost - unless you choose a capital guaranteed annuity (costly though). After age 75 you can still draw an income via 'alternatively secured pension' but the tax charge on death jumps to 70% if there is no surviving spouse.
Sorry if I offended you, but I believe pensions should form the basis of any retirement planning (afterall many of us want the surity of income in retirement). No investment comes without risks, and indeed buy-to-lets are risky too.
Anyway each to their own.
If a Hindu woman marries another man while still married to her first husband, what are the consequences?
as far as which marriage is legal and which is null and void. Can she be criminally charged for bigamy? Also what are the inheritance consequences if she has a child with second husband, the second husband dies, before discovery of bigamy by wife, i.e, she marries A, then she marries B unknown to B or his family that she is already married, has child C with B, then B dies, after B's death it is discovered that she is already married to A. Can she inherit B's estate if no will?
If a Hindu woman marries another man while still married to her first husband, what are the consequences?
First marriage is legal %26amp; valid unless a decree of divorce or annulment is passed dissolving such a marriage. Second marriage is Void under section 11 of the Hindu marriage Act, 1955 as the condition provided under section 5 (I) of this Act was contravened i.e. she was not unmarried or divorcee or widow at the time of her second marriage. She can be charged for bigamy under section 494 of the Indian Penal Code only on the complaint of her first husband A. If a child C was born by her second husband B such a child will be considered a legitimate child same as if it was born if the marriage had been valid according to section 16 of the Hindu Marriage Act,1955. Such a child will have legitimate right to inherit his father’s property. Although her second marriage is void but if no decree of annulment is passed by any court declaring it null %26amp; void she can try to claim as a widow of the deceased, but a contrary judgment to this effect exist where the Bom. High Court had held that an illegitimate wife cannot at all be considered as having entitlement to inherit or succeed under any of the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. So in such cases the best course is to get a will made in favor of the wife %26amp; the child borne by such wife, to avoid such a situation. Write to me for any further guidance.
Reply:illegal marriage somehow women go scot free and cannot be charged in sexual matters its difficult,however she is an unlucy women to be with if she calls death upon her lovers
Reply:no.
Reply:don't get puzzle
go and sleep
Reply:I think the best solution is tell the in laws(second husband) if they in favour with U, about all this and do not think or tell about money %26amp; property wise...let them decide and make your second marriage legal...register it and then you will be a legal wife to your second husband and also will be the child...then try to talk to the first husband and take a divorce making him some offer in terms of money ...if he accepts all the case is solved....instead of going to the Court and all......
Reply:The second marriage is considered null and void till the woman takes divorce from first husband or if the woman is the widow of the first husband. The child out of the second husband will be considered to be illegitimate as the secnd man will not be considered as her husband.
Reply:Ask a lawyer.
Reply:You left out one vital element and that is what country is she in. If she is in the United States she could be tried and convicted of bigamy. She would not be able to inherit of the second husband's estate and the first husband would most probably divorce her in which case she could derive NOTHING from him. I am afraid the lady would have put herself through a great deal of trouble and net nothing but trouble.
Reply:The mariage is null and void. Your status is that of a keep.Any child born from your love will have no right on his fathers property.And unfortuanate death will bring u to road if you r totally depended on yr husband.
Reply:She cannot inherit succession of B but of A only and C is legal heir of B. She can get her maintenance expenses from A. Neither she nor A can marry till divorced by Dist Court. She remained Ardhangini (half body) of A even under B's thighs.
Reply:Well you should ask lawyer about and judge is the one who will decide about this matter.
Reply:You seems to be a rotten cu.. having the craze of wealth and lavish life style. Do you bloody want to kill your Mr. B?
Medical test of your child is sufficent to nail you. If you think that you can eliminate B, you would not get any thing, yet the court may take some courtsy to grant Mr/Ms C some % of the property after lot of struggle. But in that case you would stand naked in front of your society.
Reply:contempt of marriage,with fine in court.and a name in soceity.
Reply:Well second marriage is illegal.Its also depend how long she has been out of contact with her first husband. As in India law does not allow to remarry while you have not divorced from first husband or wife. If she does have a child from second marriage then child will get same rights in his father property as any child will do but not her. Unless he has a will before his death nominated her as beneficiary. But you better contact a family lawyer in this case as bit complicated. Spartan
If a Hindu woman marries another man while still married to her first husband, what are the consequences?
First marriage is legal %26amp; valid unless a decree of divorce or annulment is passed dissolving such a marriage. Second marriage is Void under section 11 of the Hindu marriage Act, 1955 as the condition provided under section 5 (I) of this Act was contravened i.e. she was not unmarried or divorcee or widow at the time of her second marriage. She can be charged for bigamy under section 494 of the Indian Penal Code only on the complaint of her first husband A. If a child C was born by her second husband B such a child will be considered a legitimate child same as if it was born if the marriage had been valid according to section 16 of the Hindu Marriage Act,1955. Such a child will have legitimate right to inherit his father’s property. Although her second marriage is void but if no decree of annulment is passed by any court declaring it null %26amp; void she can try to claim as a widow of the deceased, but a contrary judgment to this effect exist where the Bom. High Court had held that an illegitimate wife cannot at all be considered as having entitlement to inherit or succeed under any of the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. So in such cases the best course is to get a will made in favor of the wife %26amp; the child borne by such wife, to avoid such a situation. Write to me for any further guidance.
Reply:illegal marriage somehow women go scot free and cannot be charged in sexual matters its difficult,however she is an unlucy women to be with if she calls death upon her lovers
Reply:no.
Reply:don't get puzzle
go and sleep
Reply:I think the best solution is tell the in laws(second husband) if they in favour with U, about all this and do not think or tell about money %26amp; property wise...let them decide and make your second marriage legal...register it and then you will be a legal wife to your second husband and also will be the child...then try to talk to the first husband and take a divorce making him some offer in terms of money ...if he accepts all the case is solved....instead of going to the Court and all......
Reply:The second marriage is considered null and void till the woman takes divorce from first husband or if the woman is the widow of the first husband. The child out of the second husband will be considered to be illegitimate as the secnd man will not be considered as her husband.
Reply:Ask a lawyer.
Reply:You left out one vital element and that is what country is she in. If she is in the United States she could be tried and convicted of bigamy. She would not be able to inherit of the second husband's estate and the first husband would most probably divorce her in which case she could derive NOTHING from him. I am afraid the lady would have put herself through a great deal of trouble and net nothing but trouble.
Reply:The mariage is null and void. Your status is that of a keep.Any child born from your love will have no right on his fathers property.And unfortuanate death will bring u to road if you r totally depended on yr husband.
Reply:She cannot inherit succession of B but of A only and C is legal heir of B. She can get her maintenance expenses from A. Neither she nor A can marry till divorced by Dist Court. She remained Ardhangini (half body) of A even under B's thighs.
Reply:Well you should ask lawyer about and judge is the one who will decide about this matter.
Reply:You seems to be a rotten cu.. having the craze of wealth and lavish life style. Do you bloody want to kill your Mr. B?
Medical test of your child is sufficent to nail you. If you think that you can eliminate B, you would not get any thing, yet the court may take some courtsy to grant Mr/Ms C some % of the property after lot of struggle. But in that case you would stand naked in front of your society.
Reply:contempt of marriage,with fine in court.and a name in soceity.
Reply:Well second marriage is illegal.Its also depend how long she has been out of contact with her first husband. As in India law does not allow to remarry while you have not divorced from first husband or wife. If she does have a child from second marriage then child will get same rights in his father property as any child will do but not her. Unless he has a will before his death nominated her as beneficiary. But you better contact a family lawyer in this case as bit complicated. Spartan
Homologous structures, such as a bat wing and whale flipper,?
a. are formed from genes on the same pair of chromosomes.
b. are similar externally but have different basic structures and were probably not derived from a common ancestor.
c. are the result of pairs of chromosomes that are identical in bats and whales.
d. have the same underlying structure due to inheritance from a common ancestor.
e. are structures that did not develop in response to natural selection.
Homologous structures, such as a bat wing and whale flipper,?
Definitely B
Reply:The correct answer should be D (homology correspond to the family of genes and structures that evolved from a common ancestor) like the various forms of haemoglobins.
B would be the definition of convergent evolution, like the birds' bats' wing or the fins in fish and whales: something that evolved separately but along similar line due to a similar evolutionary pressure.
Reply:I'd say D.
Then again, I kinda forgot what homologous means. lol!
Reply:It's definitely D. This shows a common ancestor with changes in underlying structure due to environment.
b. are similar externally but have different basic structures and were probably not derived from a common ancestor.
c. are the result of pairs of chromosomes that are identical in bats and whales.
d. have the same underlying structure due to inheritance from a common ancestor.
e. are structures that did not develop in response to natural selection.
Homologous structures, such as a bat wing and whale flipper,?
Definitely B
Reply:The correct answer should be D (homology correspond to the family of genes and structures that evolved from a common ancestor) like the various forms of haemoglobins.
B would be the definition of convergent evolution, like the birds' bats' wing or the fins in fish and whales: something that evolved separately but along similar line due to a similar evolutionary pressure.
Reply:I'd say D.
Then again, I kinda forgot what homologous means. lol!
Reply:It's definitely D. This shows a common ancestor with changes in underlying structure due to environment.
Ohairs son did he love his mother with this interview he gave?
In 1980, William Murray converted to Christianity and was baptised at a Baptist church in Dallas, where he took up work as a preacher. This led to a permanent estrangement between mother and son. As she put it, "One could call this a postnatal abortion on the part of a mother, I guess; I repudiate him entirely and completely for now and all times...he is beyond human forgiveness."[19]
Murray spoke critically of his mother after her disappearance:
"My mother was an evil person... Not for removing prayer from America's schools... No, she was just evil. She stole huge amounts of money. She misused the trust of people. She cheated children out of their parents' inheritance. She cheated on her taxes and even stole from her own organizations. She once printed up phony stock certificates on her own printing press to try to take over another atheist publishing company."[10]
Murray also criticized his mother after her disappearance, claiming she had stashed "tens of millions" away.[2] He attempted to gain "guardianship" over his missing mother and brother's assets, declaring they had stolen money, and said, "My brother had a tendency to fall for con games and con artists".[2]
O'Hair achieved some posthumous notoriety through an urban legend. An e-mail claimed "Madeline Murray O'Hare [sic] is attempting to get TV programs such as Touched by an Angel and all TV programs that mention God taken off the air" (the e-mail invariably misspelled O'Hair's name). It cited petition RM-2493 to the FCC which had nothing to do with O'Hair, and which was denied in 1975, concerning the prevention of educational radio channels being used for religious broadcasting.[20] A variant acknowledging her death was circulating in 2003, still warning about a threat to Touched by An Angel months after the program's last episode had been aired. In 2007, similar e-mails were still being reported, twelve years after O'Hair's disappearance and long after her confirmed death.[21][22]
Between the time of O'Hair's disappearance and the discovery of the bodies, a comedic play called The Last Days of Madalyn Murray O'Hair in Exile was written by Dave Foley. It was based on the premise that she, her son and her granddaughter had stolen the money and fled to an island in the South Pacific.[23]
[edit] See also
Charles E. Stevens American Atheist Library and Archives
[edit] References
^ Goeringer, Conrad F. (2006). About American Atheists. AmericanAtheists.com. American Atheists. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Van
Ohairs son did he love his mother with this interview he gave?
His mother threw him out of the house when he told her he had become a Christian. God is good. He is the only surviving member of the family. PS They were killed by an Atheist, not a Christian.
Reply:after reading it dont sound like he did
survey questions
Murray spoke critically of his mother after her disappearance:
"My mother was an evil person... Not for removing prayer from America's schools... No, she was just evil. She stole huge amounts of money. She misused the trust of people. She cheated children out of their parents' inheritance. She cheated on her taxes and even stole from her own organizations. She once printed up phony stock certificates on her own printing press to try to take over another atheist publishing company."[10]
Murray also criticized his mother after her disappearance, claiming she had stashed "tens of millions" away.[2] He attempted to gain "guardianship" over his missing mother and brother's assets, declaring they had stolen money, and said, "My brother had a tendency to fall for con games and con artists".[2]
O'Hair achieved some posthumous notoriety through an urban legend. An e-mail claimed "Madeline Murray O'Hare [sic] is attempting to get TV programs such as Touched by an Angel and all TV programs that mention God taken off the air" (the e-mail invariably misspelled O'Hair's name). It cited petition RM-2493 to the FCC which had nothing to do with O'Hair, and which was denied in 1975, concerning the prevention of educational radio channels being used for religious broadcasting.[20] A variant acknowledging her death was circulating in 2003, still warning about a threat to Touched by An Angel months after the program's last episode had been aired. In 2007, similar e-mails were still being reported, twelve years after O'Hair's disappearance and long after her confirmed death.[21][22]
Between the time of O'Hair's disappearance and the discovery of the bodies, a comedic play called The Last Days of Madalyn Murray O'Hair in Exile was written by Dave Foley. It was based on the premise that she, her son and her granddaughter had stolen the money and fled to an island in the South Pacific.[23]
[edit] See also
Charles E. Stevens American Atheist Library and Archives
[edit] References
^ Goeringer, Conrad F. (2006). About American Atheists. AmericanAtheists.com. American Atheists. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Van
Ohairs son did he love his mother with this interview he gave?
His mother threw him out of the house when he told her he had become a Christian. God is good. He is the only surviving member of the family. PS They were killed by an Atheist, not a Christian.
Reply:after reading it dont sound like he did
survey questions
Homologous structures, such as a bat wing and whale flipper,?
A. have the same underlying structure due to inheritance from a common ancestor.
B. are similar externally but have different basic structures and were probably not derived from a common ancestor.
C. are the result of pairs of chromosomes that are identical in bats and whales.
D. are structures that did not develop in response to natural selection.
E. are formed from genes on the same pair of chromosomes.
Homologous structures, such as a bat wing and whale flipper,?
The answer is A.
Homologus structures have similar(homo) bone structures, but they are used in different ways. The bat and whale have a common ancestor(CA), but they each have evolved beyond their CA. They share a similar structure, but they are not exaxtly the same. As a bat hase long fingers and a whale has shorter fingers.
Reply:Definitely A
B. are similar externally but have different basic structures and were probably not derived from a common ancestor.
C. are the result of pairs of chromosomes that are identical in bats and whales.
D. are structures that did not develop in response to natural selection.
E. are formed from genes on the same pair of chromosomes.
Homologous structures, such as a bat wing and whale flipper,?
The answer is A.
Homologus structures have similar(homo) bone structures, but they are used in different ways. The bat and whale have a common ancestor(CA), but they each have evolved beyond their CA. They share a similar structure, but they are not exaxtly the same. As a bat hase long fingers and a whale has shorter fingers.
Reply:Definitely A
Genetic question for AP Biology...?
Assume that a particular genetic condition in a mammalian species causes an inability to digest starch. This disorder occurs with equal frequency in males and females. In most cases, neither parent of affected offspring has the condition.
A. Describe the most probable pattern of inheritance for this condition. Explain your reasoning. Include in your discussion a sample cross (es) sufficient to verify your proposed pattern.
B. Explain how mutations could cause this inability to digest starch.
C. Describe how modern techniques of molecular biology could be used to determine whether the mutant allele is present in a given individual.
Genetic question for AP Biology...?
Breaking the first question down: Equal frequency in males and females tells you it is not an X linked gene. If more males that females had it that would say it was X linked. If neither parent has the problem then they must be heterozygotes and having one copy of the good gene is enough to function. So, we have a classic dominant recessive gene pattern. Lets call the gene D for digester. The parents would be Dd and if the offspring can't digest starch then it is dd. If the parent's genetics are put into a punnett square it would look like this
D d
D DD Dd
d dD dd
25% of the offspring would be homozygous dominant. dD and Dd are the same so 50% would be heterozygous and 25% would homozygous recessive.
As to mutations: The DNA coding fro the protein that digests starch makes a polypeptide that folds in certain ways so that starches fit into a pocket or groove of the protein so that it can be spit apart. Missense mutations would be a point mutation or replacement of one nucleic acid by another that results in the wrong amino acid being put into the protein so that the groove changes an starch no longer fits. (buying a new hammer that is missing the flat head side of it and trying to drive nails witrh it. Another mutation could be loss of a base so that the whole gene is shifted over by one nucleic acid. That would produce a nonsense mRNA and protein that didn't do anything or that wasn't processed by the ribosomes.
Modern molecular genetic testing uses a strategy where the suspected DNA is amplified in a PCR reaction and then mixed with known normal DNA. The mix is heated until all the duplex DNA falls apart and then is allowed to reanneal. The population of duplex DNA now will be a mix of normal-normal DNA, normal-mutated DNA and mutated-mutated DNA. The normal-mutated DNA has a bulge in it where the bases do not match up and migrates through a gel capillary tube slower than the normal-normal and mutated-mutated strands and comes out of the tube later than the others.
Check out the web site for DHPLC testing
A. Describe the most probable pattern of inheritance for this condition. Explain your reasoning. Include in your discussion a sample cross (es) sufficient to verify your proposed pattern.
B. Explain how mutations could cause this inability to digest starch.
C. Describe how modern techniques of molecular biology could be used to determine whether the mutant allele is present in a given individual.
Genetic question for AP Biology...?
Breaking the first question down: Equal frequency in males and females tells you it is not an X linked gene. If more males that females had it that would say it was X linked. If neither parent has the problem then they must be heterozygotes and having one copy of the good gene is enough to function. So, we have a classic dominant recessive gene pattern. Lets call the gene D for digester. The parents would be Dd and if the offspring can't digest starch then it is dd. If the parent's genetics are put into a punnett square it would look like this
D d
D DD Dd
d dD dd
25% of the offspring would be homozygous dominant. dD and Dd are the same so 50% would be heterozygous and 25% would homozygous recessive.
As to mutations: The DNA coding fro the protein that digests starch makes a polypeptide that folds in certain ways so that starches fit into a pocket or groove of the protein so that it can be spit apart. Missense mutations would be a point mutation or replacement of one nucleic acid by another that results in the wrong amino acid being put into the protein so that the groove changes an starch no longer fits. (buying a new hammer that is missing the flat head side of it and trying to drive nails witrh it. Another mutation could be loss of a base so that the whole gene is shifted over by one nucleic acid. That would produce a nonsense mRNA and protein that didn't do anything or that wasn't processed by the ribosomes.
Modern molecular genetic testing uses a strategy where the suspected DNA is amplified in a PCR reaction and then mixed with known normal DNA. The mix is heated until all the duplex DNA falls apart and then is allowed to reanneal. The population of duplex DNA now will be a mix of normal-normal DNA, normal-mutated DNA and mutated-mutated DNA. The normal-mutated DNA has a bulge in it where the bases do not match up and migrates through a gel capillary tube slower than the normal-normal and mutated-mutated strands and comes out of the tube later than the others.
Check out the web site for DHPLC testing
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